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<title>Basic helix–loop–helix</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Basic helix–loop–helix</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Helix-turn-helix" title="Helix-turn-helix">helix-turn-helix</a> domains, a motif similar in shape and function.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Basic helix–loop–helix DNA-binding domain</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">Basic helix–loop–helix structural motif of <a href="Aryl_hydrocarbon_receptor_nuclear_translocator" title="Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator">ARNT</a>. Two <a href="Alpha_helix" title="Alpha helix">α-helices</a> (blue) are connected by a short <a href="Turn_(biochemistry)" title="Turn (biochemistry)">loop</a> (red).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16181639_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16181639-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd; background-color: light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important; color:inherit;">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #332c1a) !important; color:inherit;">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;">bHLH</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #332c1a) !important; color:inherit;"><a href="Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a></th><td class="infobox-data pfam" style="background-color: #eee; background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/pfam/PF00010">PF00010</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #332c1a) !important; color:inherit;"><a href="InterPro" title="InterPro">InterPro</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR001092">IPR001092</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #332c1a) !important; color:inherit;"><a href="Simple_Modular_Architecture_Research_Tool" title="Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool">SMART</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smart.embl-heidelberg.de/smart/do_annotation.pl?DOMAIN=SM00353">SM00353</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #332c1a) !important; color:inherit;"><a href="PROSITE" title="PROSITE">PROSITE</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prosite.expasy.org/PDOC00038">PDOC00038</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #332c1a) !important; color:inherit;"><a href="Structural_Classification_of_Proteins" class="mw-redirect" title="Structural Classification of Proteins">SCOP2</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scop2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/search?t=txt;q=1mdy">1mdy</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scop.berkeley.edu/pdb/code=1mdy">SCOPe</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://supfam.org/SUPERFAMILY/cgi-bin/search.cgi?search_field=1mdy">SUPFAM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; background-color: light-dark(#e7dcc3, #332c1a) !important; color:inherit;"><a href="Conserved_Domain_Database" title="Conserved Domain Database">CDD</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/cddsrv.cgi?uid=cd00083">cd00083</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="background-color: #eee; background-color: light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important; color:inherit;"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:none; clear:none; margin:0; border-width:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; width:100%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd; color:inherit;">Available protein structures:</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a>

 </th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pfam.xfam.org/family/PF00010?tab=pdbBlock">structures</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prodata.swmed.edu/ecod/complete/search?kw=PF00010">ECOD</a>

 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_annotation.annotation_id:PF00010%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_annotation.type:Pfam">RCSB PDB</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/search/index?pfam_accession:PF00010">PDBe</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdbj.org/search/pdb?other_db_select=PFam&other_db_field=PF00010">PDBj</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="PDBsum" title="PDBsum">PDBsum</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/cgi-bin/pdbsum/GetPfamStr.pl?pfam_id=PF00010">structure summary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1a0a">1a0a</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1am9">1am9</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1an2">1an2</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1an4">1an4</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1hlo">1hlo</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1mdy">1mdy</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1nkp">1nkp</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1nlw">1nlw</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1r05">1r05</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1ukl">1ukl</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2ql2">2ql2</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>A <b>basic helix–loop–helix</b> (<b>bHLH</b>) is a <a href="Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> <a href="Structural_motif" title="Structural motif">structural motif</a> that characterizes one of the largest families of dimerizing <a href="Transcription_factors" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcription factors">transcription factors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8018712_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8018712-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid7553065_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid7553065-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid10611221_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10611221-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word "basic" does not refer to complexity but to the chemistry of the motif because transcription factors in general contain <a href="Base_(chemistry)" title="Base (chemistry)">basic</a> <a href="Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino acid</a> residues in order to facilitate <a href="DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> binding.<sup id="cite_ref-isbn0-7167-8635-4_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn0-7167-8635-4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>bHLH transcription factors are often important in development or cell activity. For one, BMAL1-Clock (also called <a href="ARNTL" class="mw-redirect" title="ARNTL">ARNTL</a>) is a core transcription complex in the molecular <a href="Circadian_clock" title="Circadian clock">circadian clock</a>. Other genes, like <a href="C-Myc" class="mw-redirect" title="C-Myc">c-Myc</a> and <a href="HIF-1" class="mw-redirect" title="HIF-1">HIF-1</a>, have been linked to <a href="Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a> due to their effects on cell growth and metabolism.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2></div>

<p>The motif is characterized by two <a href="Alpha_helix" title="Alpha helix">α-helices</a> connected by a <a href="Turn_(biochemistry)" title="Turn (biochemistry)">loop</a>. In general, transcription factors (including this type) are <a href="Protein_dimer" title="Protein dimer">dimeric</a>, each with one helix containing <a href="Base_(chemistry)" title="Base (chemistry)">basic</a> <a href="Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino acid</a> residues that facilitate <a href="DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> binding.<sup id="cite_ref-isbn0-7167-8635-4_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn0-7167-8635-4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In general, one helix is smaller, and due to the flexibility of this loop, allows dimerization by folding and packing against another helix. The larger helix typically contains the DNA-binding regions. bHLH proteins typically bind to a <a href="Consensus_sequence" title="Consensus sequence">consensus sequence</a> called an <a href="E-box" title="E-box">E-box</a>, CANNTG.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid10319327_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10319327-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The canonical <a href="E-box" title="E-box">E-box</a> is CACGTG (<a href="Palindromic_sequence" title="Palindromic sequence">palindromic</a>), however some bHLH transcription factors, notably those of the bHLH-<a href="PAS_domain" title="PAS domain">PAS</a> family, bind to related non-palindromic sequences, which are similar to the E-box. bHLH TFs may homodimerize or heterodimerize with other bHLH TFs and form a large variety of dimers, each one with specific functions.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2></div>

<p>A phylogenetic analysis suggested that bHLH proteins fall into 6 major groups, indicated by letters A through F. <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples of transcription factors containing a bHLH include:

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Group_A">Group A</h3></div>

<li><a href="NEUROD1" title="NEUROD1">Beta2/NeuroD1</a></li>

<li><a href="TAL1" title="TAL1">Scl</a>, also known as <a href="Tal1" class="mw-redirect" title="Tal1">Tal1</a></li>

<li>proneural bHLH genes like <a href="P-CaMKII" class="mw-redirect" title="P-CaMKII">p-CaMKII</a>, and pSer(336)<a href="NeuroD" title="NeuroD">NeuroD</a>.</li>

<li><a href="Neurogenins" title="Neurogenins">Neurogenins</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Group_B">Group B</h3></div>

<li><a href="TCF4" title="TCF4">TCF4</a> (Transcription Factor 4)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Group_C">Group C</h3></div>

<p>These proteins contain two additional <a href="PAS_domain" title="PAS domain">PAS domains</a> after the bHLH domain.

</p>

<li><a href="BMAL" class="mw-redirect" title="BMAL">BMAL-1</a>-<a href="CLOCK" title="CLOCK">CLOCK</a></li>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Group_D">Group D</h3></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Group_E">Group E</h3></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Group_F">Group F</h3></div>

<p>These proteins contain an additional COE domain

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regulation">Regulation</h2></div>

<p>Since many bHLH <a href="Transcription_factors" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcription factors">transcription factors</a> are heterodimeric,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> their activity is often highly regulated by the dimerization of the subunits. One subunit's expression or availability is often controlled, whereas the other subunit is constitutively expressed. Many of the known regulatory proteins, such as the <i><a href="Drosophila" title="Drosophila">Drosophila</a></i> <a href="Extramacrochaetae" title="Extramacrochaetae">extramacrochaetae</a> protein, have the helix-loop-helix structure but lack the basic region, making them unable to bind to <a href="DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> on their own. They are, however, able to form <a href="Protein_dimer" title="Protein dimer">heterodimers</a> with proteins that have the bHLH structure, and inactivate their abilities as transcription factors.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid7821225_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid7821225-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<ul><li>1989: Murre et al. showed that dimers of various bHLH proteins bind to a short DNA motif (later called <a href="E-Box" class="mw-redirect" title="E-Box">E-Box</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid2503252_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid2503252-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This E-box consists of the <a href="DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> sequence CANNTG, where N can be any <a href="Nucleotide" title="Nucleotide">nucleotide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid10319327_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10319327-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>1994: Harrison's<sup id="cite_ref-pmid7926781_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid7926781-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Pabo's<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8181063_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8181063-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> groups crystallize bHLH proteins bound to E-boxes, demonstrating that the parallel 4-helix bundle motif loop orients the basic sequences to interact with specific nucleotides in the major groove of the E-box.</li>

<li>1994: Wharton et al. identified asymmetric E-boxes bound by a subset of bHLH proteins with PAS domains (bHLH-PAS proteins), including Single-minded (Sim) and the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid7821222_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid7821222-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>1995: Semenza's group identifies hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) as a bHLH-PAS heterodimer that binds a related asymmetric E-box.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid7539918_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid7539918-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>2009: Grove, De Masi <i>et al.</i>, identified novel short DNA motifs, bound by a subset of bHLH proteins, which they defined as "E-box-like sequences". These are in the form of CAYRMK, where Y stands for C or T, R is A or G, M is A or C and K is G or T.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19632181_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19632181-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_proteins_with_helix–loop–helix_DNA-binding_domain">Human proteins with helix–loop–helix DNA-binding domain</h2></div>

<p><a href="AHR" class="mw-redirect" title="AHR">AHR</a>; <a href="Aryl_hydrocarbon_receptor_repressor" title="Aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor">AHRR</a>; <a href="Aryl_hydrocarbon_receptor_nuclear_translocator" title="Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator">ARNT</a>; <a href="ARNT2" title="ARNT2">ARNT2</a>; <a href="ARNTL" class="mw-redirect" title="ARNTL">ARNTL</a>; <a href="ARNTL2" title="ARNTL2">ARNTL2</a>; <a href="ASCL1" title="ASCL1">ASCL1</a>; <a href="ASCL2" title="ASCL2">ASCL2</a>; ASCL3; ASCL4; <a href="ATOH1" title="ATOH1">ATOH1</a>; ATOH7; ATOH8; <a href="BHLHB2" title="BHLHB2">BHLHB2</a>; <a href="BHLHB3" class="mw-redirect" title="BHLHB3">BHLHB3</a>; BHLHB4; BHLHB5; <a href="BHLHB8" class="mw-redirect" title="BHLHB8">BHLHB8</a>; <a href="CLOCK" title="CLOCK">CLOCK</a>; <a href="EPAS1" title="EPAS1">EPAS1</a>; FERD3L; <a href="FIGLA" title="FIGLA">FIGLA</a>; <a href="HAND1" title="HAND1">HAND1</a>; <a href="HAND2" title="HAND2">HAND2</a>; <a href="HES1" title="HES1">HES1</a>; <a href="HES2" class="mw-redirect" title="HES2">HES2</a>; <a href="HES3" title="HES3">HES3</a>; <a href="HES4" title="HES4">HES4</a>; <a href="HES5" title="HES5">HES5</a>; <a href="HES6" title="HES6">HES6</a>; HES7; <a href="HEY1" title="HEY1">HEY1</a>; <a href="HEY2" title="HEY2">HEY2</a>; <a href="HIF1A" title="HIF1A">HIF1A</a>; <a href="ID1" title="ID1">ID1</a>; <a href="ID2" title="ID2">ID2</a>; <a href="ID3" title="ID3">ID3</a>; <a href="ID4_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="ID4 (gene)">ID4</a>; KIAA2018; <a href="LYL1" title="LYL1">LYL1</a>; MASH1; MATH2; <a href="MAX_(gene)" title="MAX (gene)">MAX</a>; <a href="MESP1" title="MESP1">MESP1</a>; <a href="MESP2" title="MESP2">MESP2</a>; MIST1; <a href="MITF" class="mw-redirect" title="MITF">MITF</a>; <a href="MLX_(gene)" title="MLX (gene)">MLX</a>; MLXIP; <a href="MLXIPL" class="mw-redirect" title="MLXIPL">MLXIPL</a>; <a href="MNT_(gene)" title="MNT (gene)">MNT</a>; <a href="MSC_(gene)" title="MSC (gene)">MSC</a>; MSGN1; <a href="MXD1" title="MXD1">MXD1</a>; <a href="MXD3" title="MXD3">MXD3</a>; <a href="MXD4" title="MXD4">MXD4</a>; <a href="MXI1" title="MXI1">MXI1</a>; <a href="MYC" title="MYC">MYC</a>; <a href="MYCL1" class="mw-redirect" title="MYCL1">MYCL1</a>; MYCL2; <a href="MYCN" class="mw-redirect" title="MYCN">MYCN</a>; <a href="MYF5" title="MYF5">MYF5</a>; <a href="MYF6" title="MYF6">MYF6</a>; <a href="MYOD1" class="mw-redirect" title="MYOD1">MYOD1</a>; <a href="MYOG" class="mw-redirect" title="MYOG">MYOG</a>; <a href="NCOA1" class="mw-redirect" title="NCOA1">NCOA1</a>; <a href="NCOA3" class="mw-redirect" title="NCOA3">NCOA3</a>; <a href="NEUROD1" title="NEUROD1">NEUROD1</a>; <a href="NEUROD2" title="NEUROD2">NEUROD2</a>; NEUROD4; NEUROD6; <a href="NEUROG1" class="mw-redirect" title="NEUROG1">NEUROG1</a>; <a href="NEUROG2" class="mw-redirect" title="NEUROG2">NEUROG2</a>; <a href="NEUROG3" class="mw-redirect" title="NEUROG3">NEUROG3</a>; <a href="NHLH1" title="NHLH1">NHLH1</a>; NHLH2; <a href="NPAS1" title="NPAS1">NPAS1</a>; <a href="NPAS2" title="NPAS2">NPAS2</a>; <a href="NPAS3" title="NPAS3">NPAS3</a>; <a href="NPAS4" class="mw-redirect" title="NPAS4">NPAS4</a>; OAF1; <a href="OLIG1" title="OLIG1">OLIG1</a>; <a href="OLIG2" title="OLIG2">OLIG2</a>; OLIG3; <a href="PTF1A" title="PTF1A">PTF1A</a>; <a href="TAL1" title="TAL1">SCL</a>; SCXB; <a href="SIM1" title="SIM1">SIM1</a>; <a href="SIM2" title="SIM2">SIM2</a>; SOHLH1; SOHLH2; <a href="SREBF1" class="mw-redirect" title="SREBF1">SREBF1</a>; <a href="SREBF2" class="mw-redirect" title="SREBF2">SREBF2</a>; <a href="TAL1" title="TAL1">TAL1</a>; <a href="TAL2" title="TAL2">TAL2</a>; <a href="TCF12" title="TCF12">TCF12</a>; <a href="TCF15" class="mw-redirect" title="TCF15">TCF15</a>; <a href="TCF21" class="mw-redirect" title="TCF21">TCF21</a>; <a href="TCF3" title="TCF3">TCF3</a>; <a href="TCF4" title="TCF4">TCF4</a>; TCFL5; <a href="TFAP4" title="TFAP4">TFAP4</a>; <a href="TFE3" title="TFE3">TFE3</a>; <a href="TFEB" title="TFEB">TFEB</a>; <a href="TFEC" title="TFEC">TFEC</a>; <a href="TWIST1" class="mw-redirect" title="TWIST1">TWIST1</a>; <a href="TWIST2" class="mw-redirect" title="TWIST2">TWIST2</a>; <a href="USF1" title="USF1">USF1</a>; <a href="USF2" title="USF2">USF2</a>.

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Basic_helix-loop-helix_leucine_zipper_transcription_factors" title="Basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factors">Basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factors</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-pmid8181063-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid8181063_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMaRouldWeintraubPabo1994" class="citation journal cs1">Ma PC, Rould MA, Weintraub H, Pabo CO (May 1994). "Crystal structure of MyoD bHLH domain-DNA complex: perspectives on DNA recognition and implications for transcriptional activation". <i>Cell</i>. <b>77</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">451–</span>9. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0092-8674%2894%2990159-7">10.1016/0092-8674(94)90159-7</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8181063">8181063</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:44902701">44902701</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-pmid7821222-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid7821222_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWhartonFranksKasaiCrews1994" class="citation journal cs1">Wharton KA, Franks RG, Kasai Y, Crews ST (December 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fdev.120.12.3563">"Control of CNS midline transcription by asymmetric E-box-like elements: similarity to xenobiotic responsive regulation"</a>. <i>Development</i>. <b>120</b> (12): <span class="nowrap">3563–</span>9. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fdev.120.12.3563">10.1242/dev.120.12.3563</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7821222">7821222</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-pmid7539918-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid7539918_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWangJiangRueSemenza1995" class="citation journal cs1">Wang GL, Jiang BH, Rue EA, Semenza GL (June 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC41725">"Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 is a basic helix-loop-helix-PAS heterodimer regulated by cellular O2 tension"</a>. <i>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A</i>. <b>92</b> (12): <span class="nowrap">5510–</span>4. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995PNAS...92.5510W">1995PNAS...92.5510W</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.92.12.5510">10.1073/pnas.92.12.5510</a></span>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC41725">41725</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7539918">7539918</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-pmid19632181-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid19632181_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGrove_CDe_Masi_FBarrasaNewburger2009" class="citation journal cs1">Grove C, De Masi F, et al. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2774807">"A multiparameter network reveals extensive divergence between C. elegans bHLH transcription factors"</a>. <i>Cell</i>. <b>138</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">314–</span>27. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2009.04.058">10.1016/j.cell.2009.04.058</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2774807">2774807</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19632181">19632181</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prosite.expasy.org/PDOC00038">PDOC00038</a> in <a href="PROSITE" title="PROSITE">PROSITE</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=Basic+Helix-Loop-Helix+Transcription+Factors">Basic+Helix-Loop-Helix+Transcription+Factors</a> at the U.S. National Library of Medicine <a href="Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">Medical Subject Headings</a> (MeSH)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://planttfdb.cbi.pku.edu.cn/family.php?fam=bHLH">bHLH family</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160422025922/http://planttfdb.cbi.pku.edu.cn/">Archived</a> 2016-04-22 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://planttfdb.cbi.pku.edu.cn">PlantTFDB:Plant Transcription Factor Database</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Transcription_factors_and_intracellular_receptors178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Transcription_factor" title="Transcription factor">Transcription factors</a> and <a href="Intracellular_receptor" title="Intracellular receptor">intracellular receptors</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="(1)_Basic_domains178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i>(1) Basic domains</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.1) Basic</i> <a href="Leucine_zipper" title="Leucine zipper">leucine zipper</a> (<a href="BZIP_domain" title="BZIP domain">bZIP</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Activating_transcription_factor" title="Activating transcription factor">Activating transcription factor</a>

<li><a href="GABPA" title="GABPA">GABPA</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix</i> (<a href="Basic_helix-loop-helix" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic helix-loop-helix">bHLH</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group A</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Myogenic_regulatory_factors" title="Myogenic regulatory factors">Myogenic regulatory factors</a>

<li><a href="Myogenin" title="Myogenin">Myogenin</a></li>

<li><a href="NeuroD" title="NeuroD">NeuroD</a>

<li><a href="Neurogenins" title="Neurogenins">Neurogenins</a>

<li><i>Paraxis</i>

<li><a href="Scleraxis" title="Scleraxis">Scleraxis</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Twist_transcription_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Twist transcription factor">Twist</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group B</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="FIGLA" title="FIGLA">FIGLA</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group C<br>bHLH-<a href="PAS_domain" title="PAS domain">PAS</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ARNTL" class="mw-redirect" title="ARNTL">ARNTL</a></li>

<li><a href="ARNTL2" title="ARNTL2">ARNTL2</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="CLOCK" title="CLOCK">CLOCK</a></li>

<li>NPAS

<li><a href="Period_(gene)" title="Period (gene)">Period</a></li></ul></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group D</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group E</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group F<br>bHLH-COE</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.3)</i> <a href="Basic_helix-loop-helix_leucine_zipper_transcription_factors" title="Basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factors">bHLH-ZIP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Carbohydrate-responsive_element-binding_protein" title="Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein">MLXIPL</a></li>

<li><a href="Sterol_regulatory_element-binding_protein" title="Sterol regulatory element-binding protein">SREBP</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.4) NF-1</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.5) RF-X</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="(2)_Zinc_finger_DNA-binding_domains178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i>(2)</i> <a href="Zinc_finger" title="Zinc finger">Zinc finger</a> DNA-binding domains</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.1)</i> <a href="Nuclear_receptor" title="Nuclear receptor">Nuclear receptor</a> <i>(Cys<sub>4</sub>)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 1</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Thyroid_hormone_receptor" title="Thyroid hormone receptor">Thyroid hormone</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 2</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Testicular_receptor" title="Testicular receptor">Testicular receptor</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 3</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Steroid_hormone_receptor" title="Steroid hormone receptor">Steroid hormone</a>

<ul><li><a href="Androgen_receptor" title="Androgen receptor">Androgen</a></li>

<li><a href="Estrogen_receptor" title="Estrogen receptor">Estrogen</a>

<li><a href="Glucocorticoid_receptor" title="Glucocorticoid receptor">Glucocorticoid</a></li>

<li><a href="Mineralocorticoid_receptor" title="Mineralocorticoid receptor">Mineralocorticoid</a></li>

<li><a href="Progesterone_receptor" title="Progesterone receptor">Progesterone</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Estrogen-related_receptor" title="Estrogen-related receptor">Estrogen related</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 4</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Nuclear_receptor_4A1" title="Nuclear receptor 4A1">NGFIB</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 5</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 6</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 0</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.2) Other Cys<sub>4</sub></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.3) Cys<sub>2</sub>His<sub>2</sub></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="General_transcription_factor" title="General transcription factor">General transcription factors</a>

<ul><li><a href="Transcription_factor_II_A" title="Transcription factor II A">TFIIA</a></li>

<li><a href="Transcription_factor_II_B" title="Transcription factor II B">TFIIB</a></li>

<li><a href="Transcription_factor_II_D" title="Transcription factor II D">TFIID</a></li>

<li><a href="Transcription_factor_II_E" title="Transcription factor II E">TFIIE</a>

<li><a href="Transcription_factor_II_F" title="Transcription factor II F">TFIIF</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Transcription_factor_II_H" title="Transcription factor II H">TFIIH</a></li>

<li><i>GLI family</i>

<li><i>HIVEP</i>

<li><a href="Kruppel-like_factors" title="Kruppel-like factors">Sp/KLF family</a>

<li><i>zinc finger</i>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.4) Cys<sub>6</sub></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="HIVEP1" title="HIVEP1">HIVEP1</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.5) Alternating composition</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><i>JARID</i>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.6) WRKY</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="(3)_Helix-turn-helix_domains178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i>(3)</i> <a href="Helix-turn-helix" title="Helix-turn-helix">Helix-turn-helix</a> <i>domains</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.1)</i> <a href="Homeodomain_fold" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeodomain fold">Homeodomain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i><a href="Antennapedia" title="Antennapedia">Antennapedia</a></i></span><br><span class="nobold"><i>ANTP class</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>protoHOX</i></span><br><span class="nobold"><i>Hox-like</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ParaHox" title="ParaHox">ParaHox</a>

<li>extended Hox: <a href="Evx1" title="Evx1">Evx1</a></li>

<li><a href="Homeobox" title="Homeobox">Homeobox</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>metaHOX</i></span><br><span class="nobold"><i>NK-like</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>BARHL1</li>

<li><a href="BARHL2" title="BARHL2">BARHL2</a></li>

<li><a href="Homeobox_protein_NANOG" title="Homeobox protein NANOG">NANOG</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">other</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="NOBOX" title="NOBOX">NOBOX</a></li>

<li>TALE

<li><i>PKNOX</i>

<li><a href="POU_domain" title="POU domain">POU domain</a>

<li><a href="Octamer_transcription_factor" title="Octamer transcription factor">Octamer transcription factor</a>: <a href="POU2F1" title="POU2F1">1</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.2) Paired box</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li>PRRX

<li><a href="Bicoid_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicoid (gene)">Bicoid</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.3)</i> <a href="FOX_proteins" title="FOX proteins">Fork head</a> / <a href="Winged-helix_transcription_factors" title="Winged-helix transcription factors">winged helix</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="FOX_proteins" title="FOX proteins">FOX proteins</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.4)</i> <a href="Heat_shock_factor" title="Heat shock factor">Heat shock factors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.5) Tryptophan clusters</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Interferon_regulatory_factors" title="Interferon regulatory factors">Interferon regulatory factors</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.6) TEA domain</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i>transcriptional enhancer factor</i>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.2)</i> <a href="STAT_protein" title="STAT protein">STAT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.3) p53-like</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="P53_p63_p73_family" title="P53 p63 p73 family">p53 p63 p73 family</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.4)</i> <a href="MADS-box" title="MADS-box">MADS box</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.6)</i> <a href="TATA-binding_protein" title="TATA-binding protein">TATA-binding proteins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.7)</i> <a href="High-mobility_group" title="High-mobility group">High-mobility group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.9) Grainyhead</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.10) Cold-shock domain</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.11) Runt</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(0.3)</i> <a href="Pocket_protein_family" title="Pocket protein family">Pocket domain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(0.5)</i> <a href="Apetala_2" title="Apetala 2">AP-2</a><i>/</i><a href="Ethylene-responsive_element_binding_protein" title="Ethylene-responsive element binding protein">EREBP</a><i>-related factors</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apetala_2" title="Apetala 2">Apetala 2</a></li>

<li><a href="Ethylene-responsive_element_binding_protein" title="Ethylene-responsive element binding protein">EREBP</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(0.6) Miscellaneous</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Rho_factor" title="Rho factor">Rho</a>/<a href="Sigma_factor" title="Sigma factor">Sigma</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite"><div><i>see also transcription factor/coregulator deficiencies</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-03-27" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Basic_helix%E2%80%93loop%E2%80%93helix&oldid=1282625786">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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